Problem solving in context (SAT) practice

Elena selected $50$ warehouse workers at random from all $600$ workers at a distribution center. She found that $35$ of the workers in this sample wore required safety gear during their shift. Based on Elena's findings, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of workers at the center who wore required safety gear during their shift?

A botanist chose $24$ seedlings at random from a field of $360$ seedlings. Of the seedlings in the sample, $18$ had sprouted. Based on this sample, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of seedlings in the field that had sprouted?

A librarian checked $40$ books selected at random from a collection of $800$ books. She found that $14$ of the books in the sample were fiction. Based on the sample, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of fiction books in the collection?

A stone is thrown upward from the edge of a cliff overlooking a valley. The equation $s = -5t^2 + 11t + 16$ models the stone's height $s$, in meters, above the valley floor $t$ seconds after it is thrown. According to the equation, what is the height, in meters, of the cliff edge above the valley floor?

A football is kicked from a stadium deck. The equation $d = -16t^2 + 48t + 64$ represents this situation, where $d$ is the height of the football above the field, in feet, $t$ seconds after it is kicked. According to the equation, what is the height, in feet, of the deck from which the football was kicked?

A grocer surveyed $25$ customers selected at random and found that $15$ of them purchased at least one organic item. Based on the survey, which of the following is the best estimate of the number of customers out of $500$ who would purchase at least one organic item?

A function $p$ estimates that a town had $8{,}400$ residents in $2010$. Each year from $2010$ through $2020$, the function estimates that the population increased by $2\%$ of the population the previous year. Which equation defines this function, where $p(x)$ is the estimated population $x$ years after $2010$?

A function $w$ estimates that there were $2{,}500$ nesting pairs of birds in a wetland in $2005$. Each year from $2005$ through $2016$, the function estimates that the number of nesting pairs increased by $4\%$ of the number the previous year. Which equation defines this function, where $w(x)$ is the estimated number of nesting pairs $x$ years after $2005$?