USMLE Pharmacology: Drugs and Effects

What do beta-blockers like metoprolol block?

• Calcium channels
• ACE enzyme
• Beta-adrenergic receptors
• Sodium channels

Beta-blockers are safe for asthma patients.

• True
• False

ACE inhibitors block the enzyme that forms ____.

• GABA
• Bradykinin
• Angiotensin II
• Serotonin

What characteristic side effect do ACE inhibitors cause?

• Tendon rupture
• Dry cough
• Hearing loss
• Tooth staining

Which enzyme do statins inhibit?

• DNA gyrase
• HMG-CoA reductase
• ACE
• 30S subunit

Thiazide diuretics can cause low ____ (hypokalemia).

• Potassium
• Calcium
• Iron
• Sodium

Loop diuretics act on the distal convoluted tubule.

• True
• False

Which antibiotics inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis?

• Fluoroquinolones
• Beta-lactams
• Aminoglycosides
• Tetracyclines

Aminoglycosides like gentamicin block which ribosomal subunit?

• 30S
• DNA gyrase
• Cell wall
• 50S

Tetracyclines are avoided in young children and pregnancy.

• True
• False

SSRIs like fluoxetine increase ____ levels in the brain.

• GABA
• Bradykinin
• Serotonin
• Dopamine

Which neurotransmitter do benzodiazepines enhance?

• Serotonin
• Dopamine
• Acetylcholine
• GABA

What receptors do opioids like morphine bind to?

• Mu-opioid receptors
• GABA receptors
• Beta receptors
• Calcium channels

Warfarin therapy requires monitoring of the ____.

• EKG
• GFR
• INR
• 30S

Which drug causes 'red man syndrome' if infused too quickly?

• Vancomycin
• Doxorubicin
• Cisplatin
• Isoniazid