Amines and Amides Quiz

PDF page 1116: Amines are molecules that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. The nitrogen atom in an amine has a lone pair of electrons and three bonds to other atoms, either carbon or hydrogen. Various nomenclatures are used to derive names for amines, but all involve the class-identifying suffix –ine as illustrated here for a few simple examples:

PDF page 1116: Amines are molecules that contain carbon-nitrogen bonds. The nitrogen atom in an amine has a lone pair of electrons and three bonds to other atoms, either carbon or hydrogen. Various nomenclatures are used to derive names for amines, but all involve the class-identifying suffix –ine as illustrated here for a few simple examples:

PDF page 1116: In some amines, the nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in an aromatic hydrocarbon. Pyridine (Figure 20.17) is one such heterocyclic amine. A heterocyclic compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure.

PDF page 1116: In some amines, the nitrogen atom replaces a carbon atom in an aromatic hydrocarbon. Pyridine (Figure 20.17) is one such heterocyclic amine. A heterocyclic compound contains atoms of two or more different elements in its ring structure.

PDF page 1118: Like ammonia, amines are weak bases due to the lone pair of electrons on their nitrogen atoms:

PDF page 1118: Like ammonia, amines are weak bases due to the lone pair of electrons on their nitrogen atoms:

PDF page 1118: Since ancient times, plants have been used for medicinal purposes. One class of substances, called alkaloids, found in many of these plants has been isolated and found to contain cyclic molecules with an amine functional

PDF page 1118: R N + H O + Cl ⟶ ⎣R NH ⎦ Cl + H O 3 3 3 2 The name alkaloid means “like an alkali.” Thus, an alkaloid reacts with acid. The free compound can be recovered after extraction by reaction with a base:

PDF page 1118: group. These amines are bases. They can react with H3O in a dilute acid to form an ammonium salt, and this property is used to extract them from the plant:

PDF page 1119: ⎡ + ⎤ − − − ⎣R NH ⎦ Cl + OH ⟶ R N + H O + Cl 3 3 2 The structures of many naturally occurring alkaloids have profound physiological and psychotropic effects in humans. Examples of these drugs include nicotine, morphine, codeine, and heroin. The plant produces these substances, collectively called secondary plant compounds, as chemical defenses against the numerous pests that attempt to feed on the plant:

PDF page 1120: Amides are molecules that contain nitrogen atoms connected to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group. Like amines, various nomenclature rules may be used to name amides, but all include use of the class-specific suffix -amide:

PDF page 1126: amide organic molecule that features a nitrogen atom connected to the carbon atom in a carbonyl group

PDF page 1120: Amides are molecules that contain nitrogen atoms connected to the carbon atom of a carbonyl group. Like amines, various nomenclature rules may be used to name amides, but all include use of the class-specific suffix -amide: