The Unification of Forces Quiz

PDF page 850: W Z W bosons 775 Z bosons 775 watts 282 zeroth law of wave 390 thermodynamics 356 wave velocity 394

PDF page 848: ocular 504 plum pudding model 722 Ohm’s law 609 point charge 567 ohmic 609 point masses 265 oil-drop 552 polarization 557 open-pipe resonator 439 polarized light 464 optics 8 position 54, 67, 73 order of magnitude 24 positive charges 550 oscillate 179 positron 784 output work 293 Positron emission overtones 438 tomography 759 postulates 307 potential difference 575 potential energy 280, 316, 572 P Power 281, 423 pair production 785 Precision 27 parfocal 504 pressure 358 Particle physics 771 primary and secondary particle-wave duality 708 coils 669 Pascal’s principle 16 principles 16 perihelion 230 projectile 162 period 180, 232, 390 Projectile motion 162 Periodic motion 180 Proper length 314 periodic wave 390 proportionality 122 permanent magnet 653 proton decay 791 permittivity of free space 583 proton-proton cycle 753 Peter Higgs 787 protons 551 phase change 341 Ptolemaic model 232 phase diagram 343 pulley 292 photoelectric effect 698 pulse wave 390 photoelectron 698 photon 774 photon momentum 705 Q photons 698 quadratic relationship 37 photovoltaic cells 702 physical models 15 quantized 695 physical science 161 quantum 694 physics 6 quantum pigment 460 chromodynamics 774, 782 pion 773 quantum electrodynamics 774 pitch 427 quantum mechanics 8, 694 pivot point 215 Quark Era 793 Planck 693 quarks 780 Planck Epoch 793 Planck’s constant 694 planetary model of the R atom 723 rad 760 plasma 341

PDF page 846: Ernest Rutherford 722 gauge pressure 417 ether 306 Geiger tube 742 excited states 726 General relativity 305 experiment 14 generator 666 exponential relationship 37 geodetic effect 242 external force 116 geometric optics 478 eyepiece 504 George Zweig 780 glass rods 550 gluon 782 gluons 774 F Grand Unification Epoch 793 Fahrenheit scale 328 Grand Unified Theory Faraday 567 (GUT) 790 Fermi National Accelerator graph 67, 73 Laboratory 778 graphical 144 ferromagnetic 653 gravitational 129 Feynman diagram 774 gravitational constant 238 first law of gravitational force 117, 123, 772 thermodynamics 361 Gravitational potential flavors 780 energy 280 Fletcher 551 graviton 774, 776 focal length 481 Gravity 104, 123 focal point 481 ground state 726 Force 116, 254 gun-type bomb 754 force field 567 frame of reference 306 frame-dragging effect 242 H frames of reference 314 hadrons 780 Fraunhofer lines 725 free-body diagram 116 half-life 743 freefall 124 harmonic motion 416 Freezing 341 harmonics 438 Frequency 180, 390, 416, 457 head 144 frequency modulation 461 head-to-tail method 144 friction 118 Hearing 427 fulcrum 215, 290 Heat 328 fundamental 438 heat capacity 332 fundamental physical 18 heat engine 372 fusion reactors 756 Heat pumps 374 Heisenberg uncertainty principle 733 hertz 180 G Hideki Yukawa 773 Galilei 115 Higgs boson 785 Galileo 55 Higgs field 787 gamma (γ) rays 457 Hooke’s law 179 Gamma decay 739 Huygens’s principle 525

PDF page 848: ocular 504 plum pudding model 722 Ohm’s law 609 point charge 567 ohmic 609 point masses 265 oil-drop 552 polarization 557 open-pipe resonator 439 polarized light 464 optics 8 position 54, 67, 73 order of magnitude 24 positive charges 550 oscillate 179 positron 784 output work 293 Positron emission overtones 438 tomography 759 postulates 307 potential difference 575 potential energy 280, 316, 572 P Power 281, 423 pair production 785 Precision 27 parfocal 504 pressure 358 Particle physics 771 primary and secondary particle-wave duality 708 coils 669 Pascal’s principle 16 principles 16 perihelion 230 projectile 162 period 180, 232, 390 Projectile motion 162 Periodic motion 180 Proper length 314 periodic wave 390 proportionality 122 permanent magnet 653 proton decay 791 permittivity of free space 583 proton-proton cycle 753 Peter Higgs 787 protons 551 phase change 341 Ptolemaic model 232 phase diagram 343 pulley 292 photoelectric effect 698 pulse wave 390 photoelectron 698 photon 774 photon momentum 705 Q photons 698 quadratic relationship 37 photovoltaic cells 702 physical models 15 quantized 695 physical science 161 quantum 694 physics 6 quantum pigment 460 chromodynamics 774, 782 pion 773 quantum electrodynamics 774 pitch 427 quantum mechanics 8, 694 pivot point 215 Quark Era 793 Planck 693 quarks 780 Planck Epoch 793 Planck’s constant 694 planetary model of the R atom 723 rad 760 plasma 341

PDF page 819: the strong nuclear force separated from the electroweak force. Is it likely that under cooler conditions, the force of electricity will separate from the force of magnetism?

PDF page 819: a. No, the electric force relies on the magnetic force

PDF page 819: the strong nuclear force separated from the electroweak force. Is it likely that under cooler conditions, the force of electricity will separate from the force of magnetism?

PDF page 819: b. Gravity will be one property of the unified force.

PDF page 819: a. Gravity will not be a property of the unified force.

PDF page 820: mass, governed by the equation .

PDF page 819: kinetic energy is converted to heat and sound. Given that this is not possible for particles, what happens to their converted energy?

PDF page 846: E E.O. Lawrence 777 eccentricity 234 Edwin Hubble 792 efficiency output 293 Einstein 698 elastic collision 262 electric circuits 612 Electric current 604 electric eye 702 electric field 456, 567 Electric motors 665 electric potential 575 Electric potential energy 572 electric power 632 electrical charge 562 Electricity 8 electromagnet 656 electromagnetic force 772 electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 456 electromagnetism 661 electron 551 electron cloud model 15 Electroweak Epoch 793 electroweak theory 790 emf 673 emission spectrum 724 energy 280, 390 energy-level diagram 726 energy-mass curve 751 English units 19 Enrico Fermi 773 entropy 366 equilibrium position 180 equivalent resistor 618

PDF page 849: Rydberg constant 731 strong nuclear force 737, 772 Sublimation 341 Super-Kamiokande 791 superforce 793 S superposition 400 scalar 58, 62, 254 supersonic 432 scientific law 16 synchrotron 777 scientific method 14 system 119 Scientific models 15 systems 116 Scientific notation 23 scintillators 742 screw 292 T second law of thermodynamics 366 tagged 758 semi-log plot 38 tail 144 shock wave 432 tangent 71 SI units 19 tangential acceleration 213 significant figures 30 Tangential velocity 200, 213 simple harmonic motion 179 temperature 328 Simple machines 290 tension 129 simple pendulum 181 test charge 567 Simultaneity 310 The net external force 116 Single-photon-emission theory 16 computer tomography 758 Theory of Everything 793 slope 36 theory of relativity 9 Snap Lab 54 therapeutic ratio 760 Snell’s law 491 thermal efficiency 376 solenoid 657 thermal energy 328 sonic boom 432 thermal equilibrium 356 Sound 416 thermodynamics 8 sound intensity 423 thermonuclear bomb 755 sound intensity level 424 thin-film interference 463 south pole 650 Thomson 550 special relativity 305, 310 three-dimensional models 15 specific heat 332 thrust 129 specular 479 time 62, 67, 73, 94, 95 speed 54, 62, 122, 417 Time dilation 313 Spin 198 top 781 Standard Model 780 torque 216, 261 standing waves 402 torsion balance 562 Stanford Linear Accelerator total energy 316 Center 778 total internal reflection 493 static friction 171 trajectory 162 statics 7 transformer 669 stationary 54 translational acceleration 261 steady state 616 transmutation 738 strange 780 transverse wave 391

PDF page 845: Beats 436 conduction 334, 556 becquerel 744 conductors 555 beta ( β β ) decay 738 conservation 259 Big Bang 792 Constant acceleration 99 binding energy 317, 699 constructive interference 400 blackbody 692 convection 334 Boltzmann constant 359 conventional current 605 bottom 781 converging lens 498 conversion factor 24, 24 convex lens 498 convex mirror 481 C Copernican model 232 capacitor 582 corner reflector 494 carbon-14 dating 745 Coulomb 562 carrier particles 773 coulomb force 772 Celsius scale 328 Coulomb’s constant 563 central axis 481 Coulomb’s law 563 centrifugal force 205 critical angle 493 centripetal acceleration 205, critical mass 749 213 Curie temperature 654 centripetal force 207 cyclical process 373 cesium atomic clock 20 cyclotron 777 chain reaction 749 change in momentum 254 charmed 781 D chromatic aberration 505 circuit diagrams 613 damping 435 Circular motion 198, 205 decay constant 744 classical physics 8 decibels 424 closed system 286 deformation 178 closed-pipe resonator 439 degree Celsius ( °C ( °C ) 328 coefficient of friction 119 degree Fahrenheit ( °F ( °F ) 328 Colliding beams 778 dependent variable 34, 67 collision 256 derived units 19 collisions 262 destructive interference 401 color 782 dielectric 585 complex machine 293 differential interference component 154 contrast (DIC) 535 Compton 705 diffraction 525 Compton effect 705 diffraction grating 533 concave lens 499 diffused 479 concave mirror 481 direct current 606 Condensation 341 direction 54

PDF page 848: ocular 504 plum pudding model 722 Ohm’s law 609 point charge 567 ohmic 609 point masses 265 oil-drop 552 polarization 557 open-pipe resonator 439 polarized light 464 optics 8 position 54, 67, 73 order of magnitude 24 positive charges 550 oscillate 179 positron 784 output work 293 Positron emission overtones 438 tomography 759 postulates 307 potential difference 575 potential energy 280, 316, 572 P Power 281, 423 pair production 785 Precision 27 parfocal 504 pressure 358 Particle physics 771 primary and secondary particle-wave duality 708 coils 669 Pascal’s principle 16 principles 16 perihelion 230 projectile 162 period 180, 232, 390 Projectile motion 162 Periodic motion 180 Proper length 314 periodic wave 390 proportionality 122 permanent magnet 653 proton decay 791 permittivity of free space 583 proton-proton cycle 753 Peter Higgs 787 protons 551 phase change 341 Ptolemaic model 232 phase diagram 343 pulley 292 photoelectric effect 698 pulse wave 390 photoelectron 698 photon 774 photon momentum 705 Q photons 698 quadratic relationship 37 photovoltaic cells 702 physical models 15 quantized 695 physical science 161 quantum 694 physics 6 quantum pigment 460 chromodynamics 774, 782 pion 773 quantum electrodynamics 774 pitch 427 quantum mechanics 8, 694 pivot point 215 Quark Era 793 Planck 693 quarks 780 Planck Epoch 793 Planck’s constant 694 planetary model of the R atom 723 rad 760 plasma 341

PDF page 846: E E.O. Lawrence 777 eccentricity 234 Edwin Hubble 792 efficiency output 293 Einstein 698 elastic collision 262 electric circuits 612 Electric current 604 electric eye 702 electric field 456, 567 Electric motors 665 electric potential 575 Electric potential energy 572 electric power 632 electrical charge 562 Electricity 8 electromagnet 656 electromagnetic force 772 electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 456 electromagnetism 661 electron 551 electron cloud model 15 Electroweak Epoch 793 electroweak theory 790 emf 673 emission spectrum 724 energy 280, 390 energy-level diagram 726 energy-mass curve 751 English units 19 Enrico Fermi 773 entropy 366 equilibrium position 180 equivalent resistor 618

PDF page 846: Ernest Rutherford 722 gauge pressure 417 ether 306 Geiger tube 742 excited states 726 General relativity 305 experiment 14 generator 666 exponential relationship 37 geodetic effect 242 external force 116 geometric optics 478 eyepiece 504 George Zweig 780 glass rods 550 gluon 782 gluons 774 F Grand Unification Epoch 793 Fahrenheit scale 328 Grand Unified Theory Faraday 567 (GUT) 790 Fermi National Accelerator graph 67, 73 Laboratory 778 graphical 144 ferromagnetic 653 gravitational 129 Feynman diagram 774 gravitational constant 238 first law of gravitational force 117, 123, 772 thermodynamics 361 Gravitational potential flavors 780 energy 280 Fletcher 551 graviton 774, 776 focal length 481 Gravity 104, 123 focal point 481 ground state 726 Force 116, 254 gun-type bomb 754 force field 567 frame of reference 306 frame-dragging effect 242 H frames of reference 314 hadrons 780 Fraunhofer lines 725 free-body diagram 116 half-life 743 freefall 124 harmonic motion 416 Freezing 341 harmonics 438 Frequency 180, 390, 416, 457 head 144 frequency modulation 461 head-to-tail method 144 friction 118 Hearing 427 fulcrum 215, 290 Heat 328 fundamental 438 heat capacity 332 fundamental physical 18 heat engine 372 fusion reactors 756 Heat pumps 374 Heisenberg uncertainty principle 733 hertz 180 G Hideki Yukawa 773 Galilei 115 Higgs boson 785 Galileo 55 Higgs field 787 gamma (γ) rays 457 Hooke’s law 179 Gamma decay 739 Huygens’s principle 525

PDF page 819: d. Apart from gravity, no other force can make an

PDF page 819: object move in a fixed orbit.

PDF page 849: Rydberg constant 731 strong nuclear force 737, 772 Sublimation 341 Super-Kamiokande 791 superforce 793 S superposition 400 scalar 58, 62, 254 supersonic 432 scientific law 16 synchrotron 777 scientific method 14 system 119 Scientific models 15 systems 116 Scientific notation 23 scintillators 742 screw 292 T second law of thermodynamics 366 tagged 758 semi-log plot 38 tail 144 shock wave 432 tangent 71 SI units 19 tangential acceleration 213 significant figures 30 Tangential velocity 200, 213 simple harmonic motion 179 temperature 328 Simple machines 290 tension 129 simple pendulum 181 test charge 567 Simultaneity 310 The net external force 116 Single-photon-emission theory 16 computer tomography 758 Theory of Everything 793 slope 36 theory of relativity 9 Snap Lab 54 therapeutic ratio 760 Snell’s law 491 thermal efficiency 376 solenoid 657 thermal energy 328 sonic boom 432 thermal equilibrium 356 Sound 416 thermodynamics 8 sound intensity 423 thermonuclear bomb 755 sound intensity level 424 thin-film interference 463 south pole 650 Thomson 550 special relativity 305, 310 three-dimensional models 15 specific heat 332 thrust 129 specular 479 time 62, 67, 73, 94, 95 speed 54, 62, 122, 417 Time dilation 313 Spin 198 top 781 Standard Model 780 torque 216, 261 standing waves 402 torsion balance 562 Stanford Linear Accelerator total energy 316 Center 778 total internal reflection 493 static friction 171 trajectory 162 statics 7 transformer 669 stationary 54 translational acceleration 261 steady state 616 transmutation 738 strange 780 transverse wave 391